浙江大学2013年博士英语真题

浙江大学2013年博士英语真题

Section I: Listening comprehension

Section II: Vocabulary (15%)

Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center.

21. As the firm's business increased they ____ more and more employees.

22. Since the situation is changing, let's take some ____ measures to deal with it.

23. As a good photographer, you must develop an awareness of the world around you and the people who ____ it.

24. Not all persons arrested and ____ with a crime are guilty, and the main function of criminal courts is to determine who is guilty under the law

25. As a result, they had to ____ answering their letter by three days.

26. The report mentioned that some important people had attended the closing ____.

27. His birthdays was ____ in a big hotel and attended by about 200 people.

28. The ____ of jet travel has made the world seem smaller.

29. Before you can start a business, you will have to raise the necessary ____.

30. During the races there were two accidents to motor-cyclists including one ____ accident.

31. The company is on thy verge of bankruptcy, and thousands of jobs are at ____.

32. As a result of the strike, the Government is urging people to be ____ with electricity.

33. Very few scientists ____ with a completely answer to the world's problem.

34. A passer-by was quick enough to ____ the falling child and drew him out the path of a lorry.

35. Although most dreams apparently happen ____, dream activity may be provoked by external influences.

Section III: Cloze Test (20%)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center.

Do you forget to turn off the lights and heaters when you go out of a room? In 2040 it [36] ____ not matter. They will turn themselves off — and on again when you [37] ____. You will choose the temperature for each room, the lightening and humidity. A sensor [38] ____ the presence of a human (and, with luck ignore the dog!) and turn the system on, and when the humans [39] ____ it will turn them off again.

The sensors will work through the central home computer, and they will do [40] ____ more than just turn the fires and lights on and [41] ____ for you. They will detect the [42] ____ electrical appliances plugs or switches, isolate them [43] ____ they cannot harm anyone, and then [44] ____ you that they need repair. They will detect fire and if you are out of the [45] ____, the computer will call the fire brigade. It will also [46] ____ the police [47] ____ the sensors detect [48] ____ intruder. This will not be too difficult [49] ____ the lock on the outside doors will be electronic. You will open them using your personal card — the one you use for shopping — maybe using a [50] ____ known only to you.

It will be [51] ____ to lose the keys, and a housebreaker will have to [52] ____ with the lock or with a window. It is now very difficult to make such tampering and [53] ____ a signal to the computer.

The computer will be more than a fireman-police-servant. It will be an [54] ____, and most of your entertainment will come right into your home. It does now, of course, but by 2040 entertainment will mean much more. For one thing you will be able to take part [55] ____, rather than just watching.

Section IV: Reading Comprehension (20%)

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions of unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You shout decide on the best choice and marks the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET II with a single line through the center.

Passage 1

It might be supposed that greater efficiency could be achieved if several people together to solve a problem than if only one individual works on it.

Although groups often may increase the motivation of their members to deal with problems, there are conflicts arising among members of a group. Problem solving needs the presence of an effective leader who not only provides direction, but also permits the orderly, constructive expression of different opinions; much of the leader's effort may be devoted to resolving differences. Success in problem solving also depends on the distribution of ability within a group.

Although groups may reach a great number of correct solutions, or may require less time to discover an answer, their efficiency is typically lower than that achieved by skilled individual working alone.

In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of. Theoretically these unrestricted suggestions increase the probability that at least some better solutions will appear. Nevertheless, studies show that when individuals work alone under similar conditions, performance tends to proceed more efficiently than it does in groups.

Under special circumstances; however, a group may solve problems more effectively than a competent individual does. Group members may contribute different resources to a solution that no individual can achieve alone. Sometimes social demands may require group agreement on a single issue, as in making national economic or military policies under the governments when only one among several solutions is correct, even if a group requires more time it has a higher probability of identifying the right one than does an individual alone.

56. In a group, problem solving needs ________.

57. According to the author, it is easier for groups to reach ________.

58. The author thinks that unrestricted suggestions can bring about ________.

59. It can be seen from the passage that a group will be more efficient in ________.

60. According to the author, which of the following statement is TRUE?

A. A group of people may solve problems more effectively than an individual.

B. The efficiency of a group is worst in the world.

C. A group will not be efficient in dealing with national polices.

D. Effective leaders often solve the problems themselves.

Passage 2

Today, cigarette smoking is a widespread habit. About 43 percent of the adult men and 31 percent of the adult women in the US smoke cigarettes regularly. It is encouraging to note, however, that millions of people have given up the smoking habit. 75 percent of the male population and 46 percent of the female population have smoked cigarettes at some time during their lives, but 26 percent of these men and 11 percent of the women have stopped smoking. The number of persons who have given up smoking is increasing.

It is a fact that men as a group smoke more than women. Among both men and women the age group with the highest proportion of smokers is the age group 24-44.

Income, education and occupation all play part in determining a person's smoking habits. City people smoke more than people living on farms. Well-educated men with high incomes are less likely to smoke cigarettes than men with fewer years of schooling and lower incomes. On the other hand, if a well-educated man with a higher income smokes at all, he is likely to smoke more packs of cigarettes per day.

The situation is somewhat different for women. There are slightly more smokers among women with higher family incomes and higher education than among the lower income and lower educational groups. These more highly educated women tend to smoke more heavily.

Among teenagers the picture is similar. There are fewer teenage smokers from upper-income, well-educated families, and fewer from families living in farm areas. High school students who are preparing for college are less likely to smoke than those who do not plan to continue their education after high school. Children are most likely to start smoking if one or both of their parent smoke.

61. What do we know from the first passage?

A. More and more people take up the habit of smoking.

B. There are more smoking women than smoking men in USA.

C. It is good news that more people have given up smoking.

D. US has more smoking people than any other city.

62. What determines a person's smoking habits?

A. Age, income and education

B. Age, sex and income

C. Occupation, income and sex   

D. Profession, income and education  

63. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. City people are less likely to smoke.

B. People in rural areas are more likely smoke.

C. Men with higher incomes tend to smoke

D. Well-educated men with high incomes are generally less likely to smoke.

64. What is the smoking situation for women?

A. The situation is quite the same for women as for men.

B. Better-educated women are likely to smoke heavily.

C. There are more women smokers with low incomes.

D. Women with higher incomes and higher education do not tend to smoke.

65. What can we say about teenage smokers?

A. The picture about the teenage smokers is similar to that of women smokers.

B. The situation among teenagers is quite the same with men.

C. High school students are more likely to smoke than college students.

D. Farmers' children tend to smoke more.

Passage 3

Everyone experiences fear during major crisis — such as fires, automobile accidents, etc. Some people even feel very nervous when they fly in airplanes, No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety. Some of them enjoy talking about their fears while others resent being asked to discuss their personal feelings. Many are aware that they feel anxious but only a few are conscious of the way they express their tension. Some people try to hide their nervousness: they try to disguise their anxiety by telling jokes. Others become loud and aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes. Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control one's own fears — to master anxiety.

A number of factors can be mentioned as important in explaining why some people have a fear of flying: early childhood experience, general sense of security, fear of heights, trust in other percentage of alcohol in blood, etc. the memory of a bad experience can sometimes trigger the same fear caused by that experience. Thus, a child might be frightened by the sight of a dog even though he is safe, merely because he once had a bad experience with a dog. A bad experience can be the cue that triggers our fears. But the crucial factor seems to be a feeling of no control.

Usually we are able to suppress our feelings so that they do not affect our behavior. But sometimes the tension produced by our fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such time we need to discharge the tension by laughing or crying. By smiling foolishly and talking loudly, we are able to repress the rising feeling of fear so that it does not affect the way we behave.

Because it is necessary to recognize a problem before it can be solved, admitting that we are afraid is an integral part of the process of mastering our fears.

66. To make someone the butt of jokes means ________.

A. to make someone become the object of jokes

B. to force someone to enjoy jokes

C. to entitle someone to tell jokes  

D. to offend someone by jokes

67. What is the positive purpose of people's telling jokes?

A. to show one's sense of humor

B. to control one's own fears

C. to disguise their anxiety

D. to attack others   

68. To master anxiety means ________.

A. to be familiar with tension  

B. to hold back the feeling of

C. to conquer the feeling of nervousness

D. to be good at the subject of anxiety

69. According to the author, which of the following is the most important factor triggering the feeling fear?

70. According to the concluding paragraph, what is essential to go through the process of mastering one's fears?

A. to be conscious of the way of mastering fears

B. to repress the rising feeling of fears

C. to admit the feeling of fears 

D. to control one's feelings

Passage 4

I hear many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching at another's hands for courage.

They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up just by listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in this way is that the crowd is doing it.

It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisement what a teenage should have and be. And many of today's parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a greater barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.  

But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don't care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come — with the people who respect you for whom you are. That's the only kind of popularity that really counts. 

71. The main purpose of this passage is to tell ________.

A. readers how to be popular with people around

B. teenagers how to learn to decide things for themselves

C. parents how to control and guide their children

D. people how to understand and respect each other

72. According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to be themselves, but, in fact, most of them ________.

A. have much difficulty understanding each other

B. lack confidence

C. dare not cope with problems single-handed

D. are very much afraid of getting lost.

73. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. There is no popularity that really counts

B. What many parents are doing is in fact hindering their children from finding their own path

C. It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates

D. Most teenagers are not actually rebelling.

74. The author thinks of advertisements as ________.

75. During the teenager years, one should learn to ________.

A. differ from others in as many ways as possible

B. get into the right season and become popular

C. find one's real self

D. rebel against parents and the popularity wave

Section V: Translation (25%)

Directions: Translate the following into English. Write your English version on ANSWER SHEET II.

五年前, 如果一个中国大学生打算入伍当兵的话，那可是需要很多勇气的。 可今天，越来越多的大学生选择入伍当兵，这可要归功于部队对高级人才的需求，以及鼓励大学生入伍当兵的新政策。

24岁的小周是金融专业的毕业生，也是一个将目光转向部队以求发展的年轻人。这个月初，他刚刚通过了征召入伍的体检。“我希望通过部队的严格训练强身健体，锻炼心智。我不担心入伍后我的事业发展，相反，我倒认为入伍参军本身就对事业发展很有好处。”

随着现代战争和军事计划越来越需要复杂的技术和操纵能力，现代化部队急需受过良好教育的人才来完成复杂的装备。据北京征兵办公室消息，和2001年北京首次征召大学生入伍相比，大学生入伍比率从0.1%提升到60%。学士以上的学位有助申请入伍的成功率，如果你具有某些特别领域的知识，就更有优势。譬如，各国之间军事交流中需要语言能力，语言专业的人就很有优势，电子通讯和电子学是未来军事竞争的关键领域，对这类人才的需求也很高。

为了吸引更多的高素质人才入伍，有关大学毕业生征召的宣传和奖励计划一直在进行。事实上，这种入伍的精力很有意义，可以开阔视野，也可以让你有更多时间思考自己未来的事业，以及是否愿意投身部队。