对外经贸大学翻译硕士2020年招收攻读硕士学位研究生
入学考试模拟试题（一）
考试科目：英语翻译基础 考试时间：180分钟 总分：150分
命题时间：2019年4.22日 命题人：育明教育考研考博研究室
考生注意：
1.本试题的答案必须写在规定的答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不给分。
2.考试结束后，将答题纸和试卷一并装入试卷袋内。
Part 1. Put the English phrases into Chinese and vice visa. Only choose ten of them to explain in according language. 30 pts.
1.信息不对称
2.一带一路
3.贸易顺差
4.工匠精神
5.碳足迹
6.sharing economy
7.credit crisis
8.吉尼系数
9.generalized system of preferences
10.索赔
11.revolving letter of credit
12.双创
13. artificial intelligence
14.demographic dividend
15.互利互通
Passage 1
You’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone—it's always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New research shows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.
Attachment theory proposes that our early life experiences with parents responsible for our well-being, are at the root of our connections to the adults with whom we form close relationships. Importantly, attachment in early life can extend to inanimate objects. Teddy bears, for example, serve as “transitional objects.” The teddy bear, unlike the parent, is always there. We extend our dependence on parents to these animals, and use them to help us move to an independent sense of self.
A cell phone has the potential to be a “compensatory attachment” object. Although phones are often castigated for their addictive potential, scientists cite evidence that supports the idea that “healthy, normal adults also report significant emotional attachment to special objects”
Indeed, cell phones have become a pervasive feature of our lives: The number of cell phone subscriptions exceeds the total population of the planet. The average amount of mobile or smartphone use in the U.S. is 3.3 hours per day. Phones have distinct advantages. They can be kept by your side and they provide a social connection to the people you care about. Even if you’re not talking to your friends, lover, or family, you can keep their photos close by, read their messages, and follow them on social media. You can track them in real time but also look back on memorable moments together. These channels help you “feel less alone”.
Passage 2
为解决发展中国家的环境恶化问题，提高空气和饮水质量，改善生产环境，许多国家已经实行可持续发展战略。对世界各国来说，开展健康教育是个可行的办法。但有人认为可持续发展这个概念太过笼统，一些机构可能借此名义谋取自身利益，既可能是环境利益也可能是经济利益。另一些人认为，有些发展中国家在实施可持续发展战略过程中，没有考虑到本国的传统习俗和人民生活状况。
在和平年代，各国之间需要相互依存，但在战争时期，各国之间却需要相互竞争，谋求独立。提升关税、限制进口不仅可以增强本国经济活力，还可能起到削弱敌国经济的效果。此外，在战争时期，对军工业实行保护主义尤为必要，因为依靠从他国进口武器装备可能让本国遭受致命打击。
在大多数情况下，经济学家强调保护主义的不利影响。保护主义不仅不利于促进国际贸易，抬升了消费品价格，而且还会导致受保护的本土企业缺乏创新动力。虽然自由贸易会导致缺乏竞争力的企业停产倒闭、工人下岗，但是这些工人和转移的企业资源最终会流向其他经济领域发挥作用。
实行进口配额制度是保护国内行业的方法之一，因为即便外国公司的商品定价很低，他们的产品数量也无法突破配额的限制。如果国家有意扶持本土的某一新产业，通常也会对相关产品的进口实行配额管理制度，因为在国家看来，采取此类限制措施有利于培养新兴企业的竞争优势，提高生产效率。
国家实行保护主义的目的通常是为本国工人创造就业机会。在受进口配额政策保护的本国行业，公司需雇佣本国劳工。实行进口配额制度的另一个弊端是，由于缺乏外国公司竞争，相关产品的质量就会下降，而且本土公司不太可能会有创新投入或提高产品和服务质量的举措。本土公司在提高生产效率、降低产品价格方面缺乏动力，导致消费者最终宁愿选择多花钱购买外国公司提供的产品和服务。本土公司丧失了竞争力后，就不得不采取外包政策。久而久之，保护主义不断蔓延，通常会造成工人下岗，经济增长放缓的局面。