第二讲
考研阅读思路—— 主旨题
考研英语文章行文思路:
1、提出现象或直接阐述观点(绝大多数在首段或第二段)
2、对现象或观点进行分析
3、举例论证(以事实为例或以权威人士观点为例)
4、①重申观点
②提出解决方案
③留下衔接空间或提出疑问以待下文
直接受益考研题型: 主旨题，态度题及某些推理题
五大题型:
①主旨题 ② 态度题 ③推理题 ④细节题 ⑤词义题，重点是细节题。
基本解题步骤: 号 标段落号 ① 观察题干，找出定位信息 ② 根据题干，回原文定位，出题
顺序和行文顺序一致 ③ 比较原文与选项，得出正确答案
正确选项特征:同义复现,同义替换，正话反说，反话正说。
1.照搬原文词越多，正确性越小。
2.变换一个不同的说法。
3.遇到相近选项时，看是否是程度或范围的差异。
错误选项特征: 1.偷换概念，无中生有，正反混淆。
2.扩大范围，因果倒置，推的过远。
3.局部信息，时态错误(完成时通常是错误选项)，常识判断（正确选项要符合
常识，常理和常情）
4.就事论事（混淆论点和论据）
关注: 选项的情感倾向
一、主题题型
1. 命题模式
题干中出现下列词之一：best title，main idea，main problem，mainly about，mainly discuss，
mainly deal with或问本文的写作目的的词(purpose，the author intends to…)。
Which of the following is /may be the best title for the text?
What is the subject of the text?
an appropriate title for the text is mostly likely to be ____.
In this text, the author mainly discusses_______.
Which of the following is the text mainly about?
Which of the following summerizes the text?
The text expreses the idea that ________.
What is the passage mainly about?
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This passage is mainly about_____.
The text intends to tell us that _____
The text intends to express the idea that _____.
Which of the following proverb is closest to the massge the text tries to convey?
Which of the following is true according to the text?
To which of the following is the author likely to aggree?
2 ．解答技巧
一般型主旨题的做题方法：串线法
将文章的首段和中间各段的首句连成一个整体
3.注意事项 ：
1.不能太具体
2.中心词一致
4.选项特征
正确选项的特征：
1.高度概括的、深刻的
2.若文章有明确的主题句，则正确选项是该句的改写
干扰性选项特征：并非是原文主旨的错误总结，而是局部内容的总结
Example 1
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates
are aiming at, for, however far-fetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is
possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry
may be - even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right - it can hardly be classed
as Literature.
This passage is mainly________.
[A] a survey of new approaches to art
[B] a review of Futurist poetry
[C] about merits of the Futurist movement
[D] about laws and requirements of literature
Example 2： ：
The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears
that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates
across the globe. When a continental plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from
deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures (cracks); in at
least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot
initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of
the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability (inconstancy).
70. The passage is mainly about ________.
[A] the features of volcanic activities
[B] the importance of the theory about drifting plates
[C] the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies
[D] the process of the formation of volcanoes
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Example 3
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of
Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long
self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.
What is the passage mainly about?
[A] Needs of the readers all over the world.
[B] Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.
[C] Origins of the declining newspaper industry.
[D] Aims of a journalism credibility project.
Example 4
While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in
at least one undesirable category “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression
and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief
psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’sAdministration Hospital.
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress
response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males
under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their
ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those
of the males.
Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for
stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to
cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,”
she observes, “It’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out
from it more visibly and sooner.”
Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that
women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are
exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds
of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by,
unfortunately, parents or other family numbers, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The
wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”
Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I
struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my
escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later her marriage ended and she became a
single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car
payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women
today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s
experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your
health and your ability to function.
25 which of the following would be the best title for the text?