2020年对外经济贸易大学区域经济学博士考博资料汇总

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2020年对外经济贸易大学区域经济学博士考博资料汇总

一、考试形式

申请—审核制

普通招考两段制

二、招生目录

各专业初试采用两种考试方式。一般考生统一考试英语和经济学基础两张试卷。数量经济学专业考生考试英语和经济数学综合两张试卷。我院部分专业接受具有数理背景的跨专业考生报考，该类考生可以选择以数理经济考生的方式参加考试，即考试英语和经济数学综合两张试卷。

三、报名条件及需提交材料

（1）、报名条件

 1.考生必须具备下列学位条件之一：

（1）已获硕士学位的人员；

（2）应届硕士毕业生；

（3）不接收以本科同等学力身份报考。

2.以非学历教育方式（单证，只有学位证书而无毕业证书）攻读硕士学位的考生必须在报名前已获得硕士学位。

3.在境外获得的学位证书须通过教育部留学服务中心的认证。

4.有两名与报考学科有关的教授（或相当职称，正高级职称）以上的专家推荐（不含考生本人所报考的导师）。

（2）、提交材料

1. 《2019年申请—审核制选拔博士研究生申请表》

2. 第二代居民身份证复印件

3. 个人简历：（教育经历、工作经历、学术活动）

4. 个人陈述

5. 本科和研究生阶段成绩单（加盖公章）

6. 硕士学位论文摘要和目录

7. 科研成果列表和复印件（注明代表作，包括已发表的论文）

8. 外语水平能力证书复印件

9. 学历、学位证书复印件（应届毕业硕士研究生提交应届生证明）

10. 两封所报考学科专业领域内的教授（或相当专业技术职称的专家）的推荐书

11. 研究计划：攻读博士学位期间的研究计划，不少于3000字

四、考核方式及录取

考核方式

（一）第一阶段考试（初试）

1. 考试时间：2019年3月16日

2. 考试科目：①公共英语+②专业基础课

3. 考试地点：对外经济贸易大学校内。

（二）第二阶段考试   

1. 资格审查

①《博士学位研究生网上报名信息简表》；

②往届生：学历、学位证书复印件；

应届硕士毕业生：学生证复印件或所在单位开具的应届生证明；

③两名所报考学科专业领域内的教授（或相当专业技术职称的专家）的推荐书；

④硕士课程学习成绩单原件或加盖档案部门公章的复印件；

⑤硕士学位论文摘要和目录；

⑥外语水平能力证书复印件；

⑦公开发表的学术论文、所获专利及其它研究成果证明；

⑧第二代居民身份证复印件。

2. 复试分数线

初试单科分数不低于 40 分，总分不低于 115 分。

3. 复试内容

复试考生应向复试组作报告，报告内容包括个人科研经历和成果介绍、对拟从事研究领域的了解和看法、本人拟进行的研究工作设想及理由等。

考核分为专业综合考试（满分100分）和综合素质测评（满分100分）。综合素质测评应包括外语听力水平和口语水平测试、专业课和综合素质面试。

录取

总成绩=第一阶段考试分数（满分200分）+第二阶段专业综合考试分数（满分100分）+第二阶段综合素质测评分数（满分100分）

按所报考导师的考生的总成绩排序，由高分到低分录取。

五、导师信息

导师：洪俊杰

研究方向：外商直接投资、城市经济学、国际运输与物流

论文与专著：

1. (2014), Logistics and Economic Development: Experience from China, Transport Policy, 32:96-104

2. (2014), Capacity planning and allocation with multi-channel distribution, International Journal of Production Economics, 147: 108-116

3. (2014), The role of the state in explaining the internationalization of emerging market enterprises, British Journal of Management, forthcoming

4. (2014), Sino-Korean Free Trade Agreement: the China Perspective, China Economic Journal, forthcoming.

5. 城市规模、幸福感与移民空间优化，《经济研究》，2014年第1期

6. 战略性贸易政策与出口绩效的关系研究，《南开经济研究》，2014年第3期

7. 贸易方式与企业出口决定，《国际贸易问题》，2014年第1期

8. 主编《中国奢侈品市场报告》（中英文），对外经贸大学出版社，2014年

在研项目：

1.  2014-2016, 新一代贸易与投资规则的特点及我国的应对策略研究，211工程重大项目，主持人

2.  2013-2016, 东道国政治和法律环境对中国企业走出去的影响研究，中组部“青年拔尖人才”（万人计划）项目，主持人

3.  2013-2016，提升中国产品海外形象研究，教育部重大课题攻关项目，子课题负责人

六、考试大纲

考试内容

一、经济学基础（满分100分）

（一）大纲

微观经济学部分：

1. 消费者理论

2. 厂商理论

3. 不确定性下的选择

4. 局部均衡

5. 一般均衡

6. 博弈论

7. 信息不对称市场

8. 外部性

9. 公共品

10. 福利经济学

宏观经济学部分：

1. 国民收入核算

2. 简单国民收入决定理论

3. 增长理论

4. 周期理论

5. IS—LM模型

6. 总供给与总需求

7. 通货膨胀与失业

8. 财政政策与货币政策

9. 对外贸易与汇率

10. 蒙代尔弗莱明模型

11. 宏观经济学的微观基础

12. 宏观经济学流派

13. 国内宏观经济热点问题

（二）题型结构

宏观经济学 50 分，微观经济学 50 分。具体题型结构及分值如下：

一、计算题 （每小题 10 分，宏观 2 题，微观 2 题，共 4 题，40 分）

二、问答题 （每小题 10 分，宏观 1 题，微观 1 题，共 2 题，20 分）

三、论述题 （每小题 20 分，宏观 1 题，微观 1 题，共 2 题，40 分）

（三）参考书目（仅供参考，不局限于以下教材）

微观经济学：现代观点，第九版 格致出版社，2015 年 [ 美 ]H ·范 里 安 (Hal

R.Varian)著，费方域等译

《宏观经济学》，第十版 中国人民大学出版社，2010 年 [美]多恩布什，费希尔，

斯塔兹等著；王志伟译

二、经济数学综合（满分100分）

（一）大纲

涉及《数学分析》、《线性代数》和《概率论与数理统计》三门课程。

1. 《数学分析》除了重积分、线积分和面积分之外的任何内容。

2. 《线性代数》 行列式、矩阵的特征值和分块矩阵。

3. 《概率论与数理统计》

概率论部分：古典概型，常见的一元离散分布和连续分布，以及相应的数字特征；常见的多元分布，边际分布，条件分布等；数理统计部分：各种估计方法，抽样分布，假设检验。

（二）题型结构

《数学分析》、《线性代数》和《概率论与数理统计》所占比例分别为40分、25分和35分。

（三）参考书目

不指定参考书目，三门课程主要测试考试的数学修养（数学知识和技能的掌握与灵活运用等）

七、备考攻略

第一，关于参考书和资料的使用。可以咨询往届的博士学长，也可以和育明考博联系。专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要阅读大量的paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些也会直接影响到考生的分数。

第二，专题信息汇总整理。每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行专题总结，专题的来源一方面是度历年真题考点的针对性遴选，另一方面是导师研究课题。最后一方面是专业前沿问题。每一个专题都应当建立详尽的知识体系，做到专题知识点全覆盖。

第三，专业真题及解析。专业课的试题都是论述题，答案的开放性比较强。一般每门专业课都有有三道大题，考试时间各3小时，一般会有十几页答题纸。考生在专业课复习中仅仅有真题是不够的，还需要配合对真题最权威最正统的解析，两相印证才能够把握导师出题的重点、范围以及更加偏重哪一类的答案。

第四，导师的信息。导师的著作、研究方向、研究课题、近期发表的论文及研究成果，另外就是为研究生们上课所用的课件笔记和讨论的话题。这些都有可能成为初复试出题的考察重点。同时这些信息也是我们选择导师的时候的参照依据，当然选择导师是一个综合性的问题，还应当考虑到导师的研究水平、课题能力、对待学生的态度和福利等等。

第五，时事热点话题分析。博士生导师在选择博士的时候会一般都会偏重考查考生运用基础理论知识来解决现实热点问题的能力，这一点在初试和复试中都有体现。近几年的真题中都会有联系实际的热点分析。所以考生在复习备考时就应单多阅读一些本专业本学科的最新研究方向研究成果，权威的期刊上面“大牛们”都在关心、探讨什么话题，以及一些时事热点问题能不能运用本专业的知识来加以解释解决。

八、考博英语模板（四零零六）

考博英语作文万能模板汇总

考博英语作文万能模板：社会热点类

社会热点类模板1

　　The two pictures illustrate vividly ……. In the left picture ……,while in the right …….

　　From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of ……. Aside from ……,another telling example is ……,which was so successful in that ……. The pictures also make it obvious that we should …….

　　Admittedly,it is natural that ……. Nevertheless,it is the responsibility of our government and society to ……. In my opinion,what’s the more important is to ……. In short,…….

　　社会热点类模板2

　　It goes without saying that this picture aims at revealing a current problem; ……. In this drawing,Even ……..

　　It seems to me that the artist is sending a message about the importance of ……. Though the drawing is a little exaggerating,it is not rare for us to find in ……. If we let this situation of continues,it not only harms ……,but also prevents …….

　　Accordingly,we urgently call for ……. Though the government has already taken pains to implement regulations,it still failz to ……. In my opinion,this problem should be urgently solved so as to protect benefits. I expect the government will put forward more effective propositions as soon as possible.

考博英语作文万能模板：家庭关系类

　　家庭关系类模板1

　　The cartoon reveals a very thought-provoking scene. The artist purposefully exaggerates…… . This picture reveals the in-depth problem of…… .

　　In fact,…… . There are two reasons for this. The first and perhaps most important is that…… . The other reason is more serious from a practical point of view.…… . It owes to…… .

　　In my point of view, the trend goes quite against the genuine and original purpose of our…… . What I want to emphasize by the above analysis is that,…… . Therefore,…… I strongly contend that…… .

　　家庭关系类模板2

　　There is a popular Chinese song, named "…… ", which encourages…… . However, the in the picture does but for a very different reason—…… . From the facial expression of we can read…… .

　　Sadly as it is, this phenomenon does not occur rarely in today's society, for which are responsible. For one thing,…… . For another,…… . As a matter of fact, the boosting economic development in China sadly and ironically witnesses a deterioration of…… .

　　The above analysis is best exemplified by…… . In my opinion, the awareness of is elementary for paving the way towards success.

考博英语作文万能模板：人生价值类

　　人生价值类模板1

　　As the old Chinese saying goes,…… . It echoes with this picture in which…… . The title of the picture further points out that…… .

　　The picture is meant to…… . As far as I am concerned, I think…… . This universal truth can be particularly proved in the field of…… , where…… .

　　A brief survey of history about also demonstrates the fundamental importance of…… .…… , for example,…… . The same principle applies to common people as well, and I am sure everybody can benefit from…… .

　　人生价值类模板2

　　From the picture we can perceive that…… . What astonishes the drawing and the readers is that…… . It is known to all that…… , but it seems…… .

　　The artist utilizes this artistic presentation to imply a spreading vogue that…… . Ultimately, the trend boils down to…… . Accordingly,…… . To worsen the problem, this behavior is evoking…… .

　　In my point of view, we are in a prime time to curb the problem from deteriorating. First and foremost， the whole society should arrive at the consensus that…… . Besides， an awareness of should be infused into everybody's mind.

考博英语作文万能模板：文化交流类

　　It is a very eye-catching photo in which…… . What makes this picture extraordinary is ……, which clearly indicates…… .

　　The sense of that permeates this picture is representative of…… , that is,…… , and therefore，…… . China， in particular，…… . The effect of such communication can be best exemplified by …….

　　While people belong to nations, cultures know no boundary. ……is not only featured by…… ,but more importantly, by…… . I firmly believe that is contributing, and will contribute more to the world’s peace, development, and prosperity.

　　文化交流类模板2

　　What is presented here is a very interesting scenario…… . From the subtitle we can infer that…… . Conspicuously,…… .

　　We can deduce from the picture that…… . It partly owes to…… , and partly to…… . Except the case reflected in the picture, there are numerous evidence demonstrating…… . For example,…… .

　　From a personal point of view, I am delighted to witness ……. To sum up,…… . As for China,…… . Therefore,……. I can firmly conclude that in the long run, cultural exchanges will contribute to a flourishing Chinese and global economy, as well as diversified cultures.

考博英语作文万能模板：教育类

　　教育类模板1

　　As the title indicates, “…… ”, the set of pictures apparently reminds us that…… . It is discernable that…… .

　　The drawing virtually reminds its audience a widespread phenomenon existing negatively in the area of basic education in China, that is,…… . That is to say,…… . Such a practice is very harmful in terms of the following aspects.Firstly,…… . Secondly,…… . Last but not the least,…… .

　　In my point of view,…… , but it is only part of the picture. On the other hand,…… . Therefore, it is an urgent task to…… . As children are the future of our nation, creating a good environment for their upbringing means creating a bright and promising future for our nation.

　　教育类模板2

　　The picture shows…… . symbolizes…… . As is quoted in the picture,…… .

　　It apparently mirrors an increasingly common social phenomenon in China— in contrast with…… . One the one hand， the problem partially attributes to…… . Sometimes…… . On the other hand,…… . For example,…… ,while…… .

　　In my opinion, the government needs to launch a reform in the education system with measures that can show immediate effect. proves to be most beneficial to students. Further, a large-scale reform in the macroeconomic level to is the basic solution of this issue.

考博英语作文万能模板：对比论证类

　　对比论证类模板1

　　According to the two pictures presented, it can be observed that. In the left picture,…… . A the same time， as the right one shows. Different people have different views on…… .

　　Some people support by claiming that…… . In their opinion,…… . In addition,…… . Meanwhile, there are some people, especially young men, who…… . Their reasons are quite different, sometimes for…… , sometimes for…… , sometimes simply for…… .

　　In my point of view, both sides are partly right. To thoroughly analyze this problem, we should take into consideration of all relevant aspects, so as to make the right decision. Therefore, my conclusion would be that…… .

　　对比论证类模板2

　　From the drawing, we can learn that…… . It can be seen easily that…… . We can deduce from that people’s opinion on vary from person to person.

　　Some people take it for granted that…… . For example， they firmly believe that…… . But they often neglect that fact that…… . Yet there are also another group of people who hold a different point of view. They think that…… . Beside,…… .

　　Personally, my attitude for this matter is positive, with reasons as follows. Firstly,…… . Moreover,…… . Lastly,…… . Therefore,…… .

考博英语作文万能模板：情感类

　　情感类模板1：

　　As is shown in the picture above,…… . Obviously from we can surmise that …… .

　　It goes without saying that the primary purpose of the picture lies in eulogizing the practice of …… . As a matter of fact, it is not rare to find in our everyday life deeds of similar nature.For instance,…… . Additionally, we can also hear many stories about …… .Not to mention those moving cases of …… .

　　All in all, I firmly believe that a harmonious society is based on a …… . By ……, people not only harvest ……, but also gain that can never be purchased via money.

　　情感类模板2：

　　Just as is depicted in the picture. It is not difficult to find that in today’s society， more and more people begin to …… . It is rather good news to …… .

　　The picture reminds us that in China, due to ,…… . Moreover, there are …… .In addition， we should not forget …….

　　……is a good way to express human love. To some extent, it also reflects individuals' sense of social responsibility. It is also a feeling from deep heart that is beyond words and is difficult to obtain no matter how rich one is. Therefore, I strongly advocate that…… . I am sure our society will hence be more beautiful because of…… .

考博英语作文万能模板：正面话题类

　　As is shown above, in the middle of the cartoon stands + 主题词，which symbolizes + 主题词的另一种表达，+ 同位语即主题词第三种表达 + 表示主题词动作的非谓语动词 (例如：in the middle of the cartoon stands a hot pot，which symbolizes culture，the one containing many Chinese culture symbol. The drawer's intention seems to be highly self-evident and the meaning causes us to be thought-provoking. It is therefore safe to draw the conclusion that + 主题词 + is momentous and fundamental to the mind what food is vital and significant to the body.)

　　Not only I, but also the best philosophers and poets also praise that this concept should be a permanent universal values. Obviously, I can think of no better reasons for the phenomenon other than the following two. Initially, the millennia-long run of + 主题词 + left us with a lot of traditions that are extremely profoundly rooted. 加拓展句：主题词 is a kind of emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark around us becomes.(比如：爱心/自信/亲情/团结/坚持/诚信/友谊/乐观的态度/是一种情感的力量，无论我们周围有多么的黑暗，它都能支持我们。) Additionally, our government's effective measures and policies are playing a significant role in the realization of such a situation(.加拓展句：without 主题句，the heart would break.上面的主题词都可以套进去，比如：没有爱心，心灵将会枯竭。) Just as an old Arab proverb has it, there is a growing tendency for the public in the west to think the significance of + 主题词.

　　From what has been discussed above, the most important thing is not to say, but instead to do. Chinese citizens are expected to enhance their awareness that it is an indispensable part for the construction of harmonious society. Only in this way, can we /our country/ the individual have a glorious future.)

考博英语作文万能模板：反面话题类

　　As is shown above, in the middle of the cartoon stands + 主题词，which symbolizes + 主题词的另一种表达，+ 同位语即主题词第三种表达 + 表示主题词动作的非谓语动词. The drawer's intention seems to be highly self-evident and the meaning causes us to be thought-provoking. It is therefore safe to draw the conclusion that + 主题词 + is not a blessing but a curse.

　　Not only I, but also the best poets and philosophers also insist that the problem has long plagued the people's social life. Obviously, I can think of no better reasons for the question other than the following two. Initially, human being’ s fearless curiosity about everything new has led some of them into this marsh. Additionally, our education in the harmfulness of this issue has been far from adequate to build the individuals ’sound resistance to this issue. Just as an old Arab proverb has it, there is a growing tendency for the public in the west to think the significance of + 主题词.

　　From what has been discussed above, the most important thing is not to say, but instead to do. Chinese citizens are expected to enhance their awareness that it is an indispensable part for the construction of harmonious society. The local and central authorities, not only chinese but also foreign ones, in coordination, are obliged to do something useful, only through these action can have a glorious future.

考博英语作文万能模板：阐述主题型

 　阐述主题型

　　要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述。

　　1. 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义。

　　2. 分析并举例使其更充实。

　　The good old proverb ----------------(名言或谚语)reminds us that ----------------(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.

　　First of all,-----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(举例说明). Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(举例说明). Furthermore , ------------------(理由三).

　　In my opinion, ----------------(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it. From Joozone.com.

考博英语作文万能模板：现象说明型

　　现象说明型

　　Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.

　　There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.

　　what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.

　　Considering all there,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________

　　____.In Conclusion____________________.

　　一种事物或现象(负面意义倾向)

考博英语作文万能模板：对比观点型

　 对比观点型

　　(1) 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

　　1. 有一些人认为。。。

　　2. 另一些人认为。。。

　　3. 我的看法。。。

　　The topic of ①-----------------(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③-------------理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).

　　While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三).

　　From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的观点). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .

　　(2) 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点

　　Some people believe that ①----------------(观点一). For example, they think ②-----------------(举例说明).And it will bring them ③-----------------(为他们带来的好处).

　　In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反对的理由之二).

　　Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).

考博英语作文万能模板：图表型作文

　　图表型作文

　　as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in　the　table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.

　　There　are　at　least　two　good　reasons accounting for ______. On　the　one　hand, ________. On　the　other　hand,　_______ is　due　to　the　fact　that ________.　In　addition, ________ is　responsible　for _______.　Maybe　there　are　some　other　reasons　to　show ________.　But　it　is　generally　believed　that　the　above　mentioned　reasons　are　commonly convincing.

　　As　far　as　I　am　concerned,　I hold the point of view that _______. I　am　sure　my　opinion　is　both　sound　and　well-grounded.

考博英语作文万能模板：问题解决型

　　问题解决型

　　With the ____of____，So it is of great importance for us to____ . On the one hand____, On the other hand____,

　　However, we have figured out many ways to _____.Firstly, ____So long as____ . Secondly____, Thirdly____.In fact____, That is because ____.

　　In a word,________ .

考博英语作文万能模板：现象解释型

　　现象解释型

　　Recently, ____What amazes us most is_____.It is true that _____.　There are many reasons explaining ______.The main reason is_____ ，What is more, _____，Thirdly, _____.As a result, _____.

　　Considering all these, _____.For one thing, ____For another, ____.In conclusion, ____.

考博英语作文万能模板：现象解释型

　　现象解释型

　　Recently, ____What amazes us most is_____.It is true that _____.　There are many reasons explaining ______.The main reason is_____ ，What is more, _____，Thirdly, _____.As a result, _____.

　　Considering all these, _____.For one thing, ____For another, ____.In conclusion, ____.

考博英语作文万能模板：议论文之利弊型

　　议论文之利弊型

　　Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)___作文题目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.

　　Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺点一______. In addition, ____缺点二______.

　　To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.

考博英语作文万能模板：议论文之答题型

　　议论文之答题型

　　Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)__作文题目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.

　　As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途径一______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.

　　Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.

考博英语作文万能模板：话题作文

　　话题作文：

　　这个模板的中文大意是：在某种场合，发生某种现象，并提供一些相关数据，然后列出这种现象的三个原因，并将三个原因总结为一个最主要原因，最后提出避免这种现象的两个办法。总的来说，利用这个模板写英语作文，是相当容易的，您只要将适当的内容，填写到对应的方括号中，一篇通顺的英语作文即可完成。下面就是这个模板。

　　Nowadays, there are more and more [某种现象] in [某种场合]. It is estimated that [相关数据]. Why have there been so many [某种现象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is [原因一]. Besides, [原因二]. The third one is [原因三]. To sum up, the main cause of [某种现象] is due to [最主要原因]. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, [解决办法一]. On the other hand, [解决办法二]. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [某种现象].

　　(I)说明原因型

　　模块(一)

　　Nowadays ,there are more and more XX in some big cities . It is estimated that ( 1 ). Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that ( 2 ) .Besides,( 3 ) . The third reason is ( 4 ).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to ( 5 ) .

　　It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing ,( 6 ).On the other hand ,( 7 ). All these measures will certainly reduce the number of XX .

　　注释：

　　(1)用具体数据说明XX现象(2)原因一(3)原因二(4)原因三(5)指出主要原因

　　(6)解决建议一 (7)解决建议二

　　Generation gap between parents and children

　　Nowadays , there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and children which is so- called generation gap . It is estimated that (75 percentages of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children usually think their parents too old fashioned).

　　Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children?Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows . The first one is that ( the two generations,having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes ,thus the disagreement often rises between them) . Besides(due to having little in common to talk about , they are not willing to sit face to face ) . The third reason is (with the pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas ).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to ( lake of communication and understanding each other) .

　　It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing (children should respect their parents ).On the other hand ,( parents also should show solicitue for their children). All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap .

　　(I)说明原因型

　　模块(2)

　　In recent years , xx has caused a heated debate on ( 1 ).

　　The factors for ( 2 ) .First of all ,( 3 ).Then , there comes a case that ( 4 ). Moreover , ( 5 ) . Especially when ( 6 ) .Indeed, these unique points can be collected theo remind people that ( 7 ).In this way ,we should behave just like ( 8 ).

　　The impact of Television.

　　In recent years , with the development of science and technology ,80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV , offering as many as 50 channels .It has caused a heated debate on (the impact of television on children ). Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.

　　The factors for (parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it .) .First of all ,(with so many programs to choose from , children are not getting as much exercise as they should ).Then , there comes a case that ( some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school ).

　　Moreover , ( the effect on children's minds are more serious than the  effect on children's bodies ) . Especially when ( the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them ) .

　　Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that ( they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV viewing ).In this way ,children will not be influented too deeply .

　　(I)说明原因型

　　模块(3)

　　For most of us today ,(1).From above ,we can find that the reasons why (2) are as follows.The primary reason ,i think,　is (3).Second,(4).The third reason,　actually　,is (5).The significance for (6)　。Therefore ,(7).

　　注释：(1)人们针对XX的态度和举措(2)归纳现状(3)第一个原因(4)第二个原因(5)第三个原因

　　(6)重申造成现状的最重要原因(7)我的建议我写的模块(4)的相应的作文

　　pollution

　　most of us today (recognize that environmental pollution has been a greatly serious problem . lots of plants trees corps are destroyed by bad air .many fish die of poisonous water . thousandsof people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas . therefore ,environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases that are disabling ,or bringing death not only to human beings ,but also to wild life .)from above ,we can find that the reasons why (environment are polluted more and more seriously) are as follows.

　　the primary reason ,I think , is (the reason of harmful substances into environment . for example ,to prevent insects ,farmers make use of great amounts of insecticides, so as to have bumper harvests . however ,they pollute air ,water and land ).second,(the gas coming from the car engines and factories also make environment polluted badly ).the third reason actually is (the result of a growing population in the world . everyday , so much litter and waste are poured out from houses ,also pollute the environment ).the significance for (controlling pollution ) noted that it's high time that more effective measures should be taken .therefore ,(new laws should be passed to limit the amount of pollutants from factories . moreover ,in the households ,there is an obvious need to reduce litter and waste . let's make our good efforts ,and the world will be a safer place to live for us ).

　　(I)说明原因型 模块(4)

　　These days we often hear that ( 1 ).

　　It is common that ( 2 ).

　　Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social

　　protects? For one thing ,( 3 ).

　　For another,( 4 ). What is more,since ( 5 ),it is natural that ( 6 ).

　　To solve the problem is not easy at all ,but is worthtrying .We should do something such as ( 7 )to improve he present situation ,and i do believe everything will be better in the future .

　　(1)提出论题

　　(2)说明现状

　　(3)理由一

　　(4)理由二

　　(5)理由三

　　(6)理由三引起的后果

　　(7)解决方法

　　模块(4)的相应的作文

　　pollution of environment

　　These days we often hear that (our living conditions are getting more and more serious because of the destruction of our environment ).It is common that (many trees and animals are near extinction, and the all-important food chain has been destroyed .).

　　Why does such circumstance occur in spite of social protects? For one thing ,(the population of the world is increasing so rapidly that the world has been so crowded. ).For another,(the overuse of natural resources has influenced the balance of natural ecology ). What is more , since ( the industrial revolution ) ,it is natural that (a great number of factories have been springing up like mushrooms .The smoke and harmful chemicals released from factories also pollute the environment ).

　　To solve the problem is not easy at all ,but is worthying .We should do something such as (planting more trees , equipping cars with pollution-control devices and learning to recycling natural resources )to improve the present situation ,and i do believe everything will be better in the future.

考博英语作文万能模板：正面现象歌颂型

  示例一、

　　As is shown in the picture(graph\cartoon\table), it goes without saying that the drawing aims at revealing a common problem(in China):______. It has attracted extensive attention of the society. Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations about it can be found in TV programs,newspapers,university classes and many aspects of our everyday life.Its status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its profound influence on individuals, collective and even the whole world.

　　First of all, ______________is crucial for every individual.With its seemingly magic power, it can not only accelerate better individuals’development, but serve as an efficient instrument for individuals to change the world. Those equipped with it are always admired and respected, because it may endow them with more competence, chances, self-confidence to overcome difficulties and handle problems.Those people appear to possess a special charm,bringing to others hope, passion and surprise,and,thus winning others’favor and trust.It can directly promote the rapid progress of the organization with its energy and indirectly spurs continuous development with the good culture it generates.Through continuously promoting the social productivity, unceasingly improving the productive relationship, and gradually enriching human material and spiritual wealth, ______________eventually brings economic prosperity and social harmony.

　　In short, where there is better______________, there are more hopes, vitality and development. When we are benefiting from it, we shall also do our utmost to maintain its vitality to ensure ourselves a brighter future.

  示例二、

　　As is vividly in the picture(s),it is a contemporary social issue in China of common interests and permanent value. The picture(s)does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon nowadays.When weighing in the mind,we find an apparent tendency underlying this sight:_______________.

　　Simple as it is,what the picture conveys to us is thought-provoking.With the development of economy and society, competition is becoming increasingly fierce.It is impossible for anyone to finish a task without .Hence, people in mounting numbers put great emphasis on .In fact, it has been universally acknowledged that the ability of s the most essential qualification that anyone who wants to achieve success should possess. Numerous examples can be given, but this will suffice. A case in point is the successful host of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games and the deadly earthquake in Si Chuan province.These cases effectively clarify that really counts in this competition society.

　　Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take some measures to enhance the sense of in our society. We should bear in mind that is of great significance to both our society and ourselves. Everyone should have the ability of______. Only in this way can we achieve success and only in this way can our society become more harmonious to live in.

考博英语作文万能模板：反面现象批评型

　　How enlightening and compelling the above drawing is!It is so funny that whoever sees it cannot help thinking:_____.(这句自己加完整，从宏观上描述一下图画就可以，笼统的，大体的)______while_______.(这句从微观上具体说明一下图画要描述的矛盾点，必须找到矛盾点，用到while这个单词)Simple as it looks,its intended meaning goes far deeper what on earth does the drawer really aim to convey.

　　第二段：

　　What the image above vividly mirrors goes far more than a simple image,instead,it carries a thought provoking social phenomenon:____.(本文的主旨)There are upsetting(如文章不是讽刺性的，就把upsetting删除)parallels today in our contemporary community. For example,______.(举2个例子，如果字数够就举1个)

　　第三段：

　　Much can be done. To begin with the schools and the mass media should develop,guide and cultivate noble and worthy values and qualities among people,doing their utmost to awaken people of the growing threat of this worsening situation.(of this worsening situation自己可以换成主旨的词，如果不换，这样也可以。如文章不是讽刺性的，就把worsening删除)What is more,the authorities concerned should play a dominant role in taking nationwide actions to curb(如文章不是讽刺性的，就把curb换成promote)such practices.In conclusion,all the society should make actively more sustained and concerted efforts.Although we still have a long way to go,a promising start has begun,and a happy,healthy and harmonious society may be not be far behind.

考博英语作文万能模板：展望未来型

　　With the rapid advances of _____________ in recent years, ___has____________(引出现象). However, _______ has________________, as____________(提出问题). As a result, _____has ____________________(指出影响).　　The effects ___________ has produced on____________ can be boiled down to two major ones.

　　First , __________________(影响一). More importantly, ________________(影响二). Hence, I believe that we will see a ____________(提出展望)/ Nevertheless, I do not think we will see a ______(或反面展望).

　　There are numerous reasons why ____, and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. The first is that the more(比较级)_____, the more (比较级). In addition, we all agree that________________________(第二个原因).

考博英语作文万能模板：图画类

　　This illustration depicts_________ (图画中的人物)Ving, with______________(补充说明). Recently it has become common for people in many walks of life

　　to_____________(进一步阐释).

　　It seems to me that the cartoonist is sending a message about _______(图画主题), which is ______________(进一步的说明). He seems to be saying that_______________(给出细节). In my opinion, ___________(个人阐述).

　　This simple picture is a wake up call for ______(所涉群体，如the whole of the human race). Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures to put an end to _____________(问题所在). One the one hand, we must _________________(建议一).

　　It is clear that the drawer of the illustration is urging us to _________(进一步说明). On the other hand, ________________(建议二) Only in this way can we___________(展望前景).

考博英语作文万能模板：图表类

　　图表：饼状、柱状图、曲线、表格

　　第一段：点明主题+描述图表+趋势

　　The pie graph/ bar graph/ line graph / table gives information about …/ of the survey about 疑问词+陈述句语序whether the workers in a company are satisfied with their jobs. As we can clearly see from the graph, …

　　饼状图：X took the lead by taking up ___ in the year of ___, followed by Y and Z which occupied ___and ___ respectively. On the contrary,

　　柱状图/曲线：X had a rapid increase from ___ in the year of ____ to ___ in the year of ____. However, Y experienced an opposite tendency / a different tendency. It went down sharply from ___ to ___.

　　It is of no difficulty to figure out an obvious tendency that …

　　第二段：

　　What might contribute to the phenomenon? Reasons can be listed as follows. On the one hand,… On the other hand,…/ (经济、媒体、个人态度)

　　第三段：趋势

　　By observing the changes over the past several years, we may forecast that the tendency of… will continue to rise/ decline/ develop. Accordingly, we are supposed to keep a close watch on it and time tells.

考博英语备考时间攻略（更多资料四零零，六玖玖八，六二六）